What is pattern repetition and rhythm?

The repetition of elements of design creates unity within the work of art. Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art. Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing.

What are the 7 elements of art?

ELEMENTS OF ART: The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value .

Does pattern create rhythm?

A pattern has rhythm, but not all rhythm is patterned . For example, the colors of a piece can convey rhythm, by making your eyes travel from one component to another. Lines can produce a rhythm by implying movement. Forms, too, can cause rhythm by the ways in which they're placed one next to the other.

What is repetitive pattern?

adjective. Something that is repetitive involves actions or elements that are repeated many times and is therefore boring .

What is pattern or repetition in art?

by Dr. Asa Mittman. When an image or object is repeated throughout a work of art, or a part of a work , this is called either pattern or repetition.

What is an example of rhythm in art?

A rhythm art example would be applying similar colors next to one another in a sequence or an arrangement of shapes or lines that create a flow or movement to the artistic composition , and as a result, this flow or movement creates the rhythm.

How many types of rhythm are there?

Rhythm is a visual tempo or beat and is also called movement. It is often achieved through the careful placement of repeated components which invite the viewer's eye to jump rapidly or jump smoothly from one point to another. There are 5 types of rhythm but we will only be focusing on 4 in your Logo project.

Repetition, Rhythm and Pattern | flyeschool.com (2024)

Repetition, Rhythm and Pattern.

Repeating art elements in regular or cyclical fashion to create interest, movement, and/or harmony and unity. Rhythms can be random, regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive. Classes of pattern include mosaics, lattices, spirals, meanders, waves, symmetry and fractals, among others.

Motifs

Motifs can be thought of as units of pattern. In visual arts, they are bounded areas or volumes that contain designs or any desired combination of art elements: stamps, tiles, building blocks, modules, etc. Motifs can be copied and arranged in multiple instances to create a desired effect, such as repetition, rhythm and pattern.

Repetition

Repeated use of a shape, color, or other art element or design in a work can help unify different parts into a whole. The repetition might be limited to only an instance or two: not enough to create a pattern or rhythm, but enough to cause a visual echo and reinforce or accent certain aspects of the work.

Rhythm

When motifs or elements are repeated, alternated, or otherwise arranged, the intervals between them or how they overlap can create rhythm and a sense of movement. In visual rhythm, design motifs become the beats. Rhythms can be broadly categorized as random, regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive.

Random Rhythm - Groupings of similar motifs or elements that repeat with no regularity create a random rhythm. Pebble beaches, the fall of snow, fields of clover, herds of cattle, and traffic jams all demonstrate random rhythms. What may seem random at one scale, however, may exhibit purpose and order at another scale.
René Magritte - Golconde, 1953, oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm

Tom Turner - Oval Bowl Lipped Bottle Vase, 2011, porcelain with oilspot glazes, 8.125 x 5.125 in.

Chuck Close - Self Portrait 2007 Screenprint, 2007, Screenprint in 187 colors, 74.5 x 57.8 in.

Regular Rhythm - Like a heart or song with a steady beat, regular rhythm is created by a series of elements, often identical or similar, that are placed at regular or similar intervals, such as in grids. Simple regular rhythms, if overused, can be monotonous.
Jasper Johns - Three Flags, 1958, encaustic on canvas, 30 7/8 × 45 1/2 × 5 in. The flag stripes have alternating rhythm, but the stars and flags themselves have regular rhythm.

Alternating Rhythm - Two or more different motifs may be alternated, such as the black and red squares in a checkerboard; a single motif might be flipped, mirrored or rotated every so many iterations; or the placement or spacing between motifs can be alternated. This is essentially a regular rhythm that has more complex motifs, or meta-motifs. The added variety can help lessen the monotony of a regular rhythm.
M.C. Escher - Lizard, 1942

Flowing Rhythm - Flowing rhythm is created by undulating elements and intervals, bending and curving motifs and spaces. Natural flowing rhythm can be seen in streams and waterways, beaches and waves, sand dunes and glaciers, rolling hills and wind-blown grasses.
Gloria Petyarre - Bush Medicine Dreaming, 2008, acrylic on canvas, 152 x 91 cm
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Steven Hill - Melon Pitcher, 2010, 10.5 x 9 x 7.5 in.

Progressive Rhythm - In progressive rhythm, each time a motif repeats it changes a little, transforming and translating in a steady sequence - the motif progresses from one thing to another.
Marcel Duchamp - Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2), 1912, oil on canvas, 147 x 89.2 cm

Pattern

Patterns are groups of elements or motifs that repeat in a predictable manner. Artlex lists ten different classes of pattern, given below. I'm not sure where they pulled this out of, but it's enough to get you thinking.

Spheres
Wayne Mah - ball bearings, 2005

ART+COM - kinetic sculpture, 2008
My first guess as to what is meant by spheres being called a class of pattern is how spheres fit or pack together in two and three dimensions. But hey - spheres: they're cool, and you can do a zillion things on their surface or by arranging them in different ways.
Mosaics or Nests
Mosaics create patterns from tesserae, small pebbles or cut pieces of stone or glass (traditionally) in different colors. Similar to pixels, these dots or units of color are arranged to create areas of color that form a desired image. Tesserae can be laid in strict grids, but often their arrangement follows the contours of the edges of the color areas they make up. The lines between tesserae, and small areas of a composition, may form random patterns, but viewed from a distance, their arrangement unites to form an image.
Detail, The Empress Theodora and Retinue, The Basilica of St. Vitale,dedicated in 547 A.D.

Zac Freeman - Garrett, 2009, Assemblage on board, 26.25 x 33 in.
Lattices
Lattices have various definitions in math, science and art. In the main, they can be said to be based around the idea of a two or three-dimensional array of regularly spaced points. Lattices can be classified by the shapes formed between their points: in math these are square, rectangular, parallelgrammatic, rhombic, or hexagonal. Crystal structures and their arrangement of atoms or molecules form lattices in science; in art and architecture, one form of lattices are (or resemble) screens of thin woven or carved materials that usually display a regular structure.
Siddi Sayyed Jali

Jali, Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
Polyhedra
Polyhedra are three-dimensional objects whose surfaces are defined by polygonal faces or facets, whose edges are in turn defined by straight line segments. These straight line edges meet at points called vertices; each edge joins only two faces and two vertices. Many polyhedra are very symmetrical, but symmetry is not necessary.
Fra Giovanni da Verona - Intarsia Panel From The Church Of Santa Maria In Organo, Verona, circa 1520
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M.C. Escher - Stars, 1948, wood engraving

Jon Barlow Hudson - Double Helix: Flowing Balance, 2008, stainless steel, 9 x 9 x 22 ft.
Spirals - Helices and Volutes
- Volutes
  Volutes are a fancy name for flat spirals - what you doodle on your class notes, a slice of nautilus shell, wind-up springs, fiddlehead ferns, our galaxy, etc.
  Entrance Stone, Newgrange, County Meath, Ireland - photo by Laurie Young
  
  Terracotta jar with three handles - Minoan, 1600-1500 B.C., 13.5 in.
  
  Gustav Klimt - The Tree Of Life, 1909, mural
- Helices
  Helices and double-helices are three-dimensional spirals - think screws, coil springs, DNA, some types of sea/snail shells, and of course, the ever-popular spiral staircase.
  Olafur Eliasson - Umschreibung, 2004, steel, 9m high. Photo by Philipp Klinger
  
  terrain:loenhart&mayr - Observation Tower on the River Mur, 2020, steel and aluminum, 27m high
  
  Andy Goldsworthy, 1997
Meanders
Meanders are the sinuous bends that streams and rivers sometimes make, which lend the name to anything with a snaking, winding, convoluted path. Meanders can be thought of as irregular waveforms, as opposed to regular sine waves.
NASA/USGS - Meandering Wadis, Southeastern Jordan, 2001

Andy Goldsworthy - Cow dung on glass, 2007
p.s. - Andy Goldswotrhy is the king of meanders.
Branching and Circulation
Natalie Blake - Fiddlehead, large, porcelain, 15 x 5.5 in.

Kris Pixton - Large Green Plate

Sabine+Jones - Ars Electronica exhibition, 2009

Ocean Surface Currents Map
Waves
Ocean waves, sine waves, sound waves, ripples, etc., and all the designs they inspire.
Akira Satake - kohiki teapot, 8.5 x 5 x 4.5 in.
Symmetry
M.C. Escher is the King of Symmetry.
If you've lived your artistic life happily with bilateral and radial symmetry and symmetric, asymmetric and radial balance, you may wish to skip to the pretty pretty fractals below and live happily ever after. If you find patterns and Escher's work fascinating and want to investigate more, read on. I am going to run screaming through symmetry and tiling, and point you to some more info, or I will be working on this for the rest of my life. Like M.C. Escher.
Tessellation and Tiling - Tessellation and tiling are created when motifs - units of pattern contained within the boundary of some shape - repeat on a plane without any gaps between the motifs (tiles), and also without overlapping. Common ceramic tiles are a perfect example.
Symmetries of Planar Patterns - Imagine standing in front of a wall covered with patterned wallpaper, and you have an extra sample of the wallpaper in your hand. You can place your sample against the wall and line it up so it perfectly fits in with the rest of the pattern. Once you have done that, there are four possible ways you can again move (transform) the sample to get it to fit in with the rest of the pattern. These ways depend upon what type of symmetry the pattern has. The four types of planar symmetries, or isometries (transformations that preserve distance) are translation, reflection, rotation, and glide reflection symmetry. In other words, depending upon the pattern's isometry, you might be only able to slide (translate) the wallpaper sample over in a couple directions to get it to fit in again. Perhaps rotating the sample would also cause it to line up with the rest of the wall. If the pattern were printed on both sides of the sample and you could flip it over in some direction (like a mirror's reflection) and get it to fit, the pattern would have reflective isometry. Glide reflection isometry involves flipping the sample along an axis and then sliding it along the axis into place.
It turns out that if you classify planar patterns by all their isometries, you come up with 17 different plane pattern symmetry groups. And if you really like to break things down, you can further subdivide these into 51 periodic patterns.

M.C. Escher - Bird Fish, 1938. This pattern has only translational symmetry. It can be slid along two axis, which is the minimum for the pattern to fill a plane. (If the pattern only slid in one direction, it would form a strip.)

M.C. Escher - Study of Regular Division of the Plane With Angels and Devils. This pattern has both reflective and rotational symmetry.

M.C. Escher - Horseman, 1946. This pattern demonstrates glide reflection. There is no pure reflectional symmetry or rotational symmetry.

Further Reading and Examples:
- Art and Science - by Linda Pearce of Cal State Northridge. Check out her Math in Art page.
- Wallpaper Groups by David E. Joyce, Clark University - includes good examples of plane symmetry groups.
- Wallpaper Groups on Wikepedia
- M.C. Escher's Symmetry Drawings - click on "Picture Gallery", then "Symmetry; most of M.C. Escher's Symmetry Drawings".
- Tessellations.org
Fractals
Fractals are shapes or forms that divide into smaller-scale copies of the themselves, so that they appear similar at any level of magnification. Snow flakes, river systems, and cauliflower are some things that approximate fractals in nature.
Mandelbrot set

Mandelbrot set

Jock Cooper - Limited Palette Fractal