Vegan Diet: How to Get the Nutrients You Need - familydoctor.org (2024)

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Last Updated June 2023 | This article was created by familydoctor.org editorial staff and reviewed by Leisa Bailey, MD

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Vegan Diet: How to Get the Nutrients You Need - familydoctor.org (7)

Vegans avoid eating all animal products, including meat, eggs, and dairy. They also don’t eat food that has an animal source, like gelatin and honey. For many, veganism is about more than food choices. People choose to be vegan for health, ethical, and/or environmental reasons. Strict vegans do not use any products made from animals. This includes materials, such as leather, fur, silk, or wool. They also avoid using certain soaps and cosmetics.

Path to improved health

A well-planned vegan diet can offer you the fulfillment of following your beliefs and may give you the enjoyment of living a longer, healthier life. The vegan diet may provide health benefits, including:

  • Lower cholesterol levels
  • Lower blood pressure
  • Lower intake of saturated fats
  • More vital nutrition
  • Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers
  • Healthier body weights

The vegan lifestyle requires careful attention. It can be hard to get enough of the vitamins and minerals found in animal products. You have to eat a balance of foods to avoid health risks. Focus on including the nutrients below in your diet.

  • Iron plays a key role in the production of red blood cells. These cells help carry oxygen throughout your body. Good sources of iron include beans, broccoli, raisins, wheat, and tofu. Iron-fortified cereals also are a good source. Iron found in non-meat sources is harder to digest. You should eat foods rich in vitamin C, such as oranges and broccoli. They help your body absorb iron.
  • Protein is an important component for almost every part of your body. Your skin, bones, muscles and organs need protein to be healthy. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Without meat and dairy, you still need to consume essential amino acids. Vegans can get protein from nuts, peanut butter, seeds, grains, and legumes. Non-animal products like tofu and soymilk also provide protein. Vegans have to consider getting enough “complete proteins.” A complete protein contains all the amino acids your body needs to help maintain your metabolism.
  • Calcium builds strong bones and helps prevent osteoporosis. This is a disease that weakens your bones and can cause breaks. Soybeans and dark leafy greens, like broccoli, bok choy, and kale, contain calcium. You also can drink fortified soymilk and juices. Calcium supplements also are available.
  • Vitamin D also plays an important role in bone health. It helps your body absorb calcium and promote bone growth. Your body produces some vitamin D in response to sunlight. You should get 10 minutes of sun exposure 3 to 4 times a week, if possible. Based on where you live, this should be all the vitamin D you need. Make sure you always use safe practices in the sun. If you need more vitamin D, look for fortified products. This includes soymilk, rice milk, and some cereals.
  • Vitamin B12 helps produce red blood cells and prevent anemia. Vitamin B12 is mainly found in fish, shellfish, meat, and dairy products. Try to eat products fortified with this vitamin. This includes soymilk and some cereals. Talk to your doctor about taking a B12 supplement. Check the label to make sure it doesn’t contain animal products.
  • Zinc is vital to your immune system. You can find it in beans, nuts, and soy products.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids improve your heart health and brain function. Flaxseed meal and oil are two sources. You also can look for food products fortified with omega-3 from a plant source. Talk to your doctor about taking an omega-3 supplement. Check the label to make sure it doesn’t come from fish oil.

Vegans need to pay close attention to labels. This applies to food and supplements. Be aware of the following “small print” ingredients:

  • Carmine/cochineal is a common food coloring. It comes from crushed beetles.
  • Shellac is a glaze that comes from beetles. It is often found on shiny hard candies and sprinkles.
  • Casein is a milk product sometimes found in protein shakes.
  • Whey is a dairy product. It appears as an additive in a wide variety of foods.

Things to consider

As a vegan, you can have a lifetime of good health. However, this requires making balanced choices. Try not to indulge in junk foods. You should eat high quality foods with nutrients your body needs. Keep an eye out for signs of nutritional problems. This includes changes in your weight, skin, or hair.

If you have questions or concerns, talk to your family doctor. If you have special health needs, such as diabetes, consult your doctor before starting a new diet. They can help you make the best nutritional choices for your health.

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What are the side effects of switching to a vegan diet?
  • Can a vegan diet help manage certain diseases and conditions?
  • Can I follow the vegan diet if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?
  • Are there any medicines that might have animal products in them?

Resources

The Vegetarian Resource Group: Veganism in a Nutshell

Last Updated:

This article was contributed by familydoctor.org editorial staff.

Categories: Food and Nutrition, Prevention and Wellness, Weight Loss and Diet Plans

Tags: nutrition

Vegan Diet: How to Get the Nutrients You Need - familydoctor.org (8)

Vegan Diet: How to Get the Nutrients You Need - familydoctor.org (9)

Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians

This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.

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Vegan Diet: How to Get the Nutrients You Need - familydoctor.org (2024)

FAQs

Vegan Diet: How to Get the Nutrients You Need - familydoctor.org? ›

Vegans can get protein from nuts, peanut butter, seeds, grains, and legumes. Non-animal products like tofu and soymilk also provide protein. Vegans have to consider getting enough “complete proteins

complete proteins
A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary in the human diet.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Complete_protein
.” A complete protein contains all the amino acids your body needs to help maintain your metabolism.

How do vegans get all the nutrients they need? ›

eat nuts and seeds rich in omega-3 fatty acids (such as walnuts) every day. choose unsaturated oils and spreads, and eat in small amounts. have fortified foods or supplements containing nutrients that are more difficult to get through a vegan diet, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, iodine, selenium, calcium and iron.

Which 3 nutrients are most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet? ›

Vegans had the lowest vitamin B12, calcium and iodine intake, and also lower iodine status and lower bone mineral density. Meat-eaters were at risk of inadequate intakes of fiber, PUFA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), folate, vitamin D, E, calcium and magnesium.

What foods to eat to get all vitamins and minerals? ›

Try to eat a variety of foods to get different vitamins and minerals. Foods that naturally are nutrient-rich include fruits and vegetables. Lean meats, fish, whole grains, dairy, legumes, nuts, and seeds also are high in nutrients.

How can a vegetarian get all the necessary nutrients his/her body needs? ›

To get the most out of a vegetarian diet, choose a variety of healthy plant-based foods. These include whole fruits and vegetables and whole grains. Nuts and legumes, such as lentils, beans and peanuts, also are considered healthy plant-based foods. At the same time, cut back on less healthy choices.

What are the most nutritious foods for vegans? ›

Protein from beans, legumes, nuts, seeds, tofu, tempeh and seitan, along with healthy fats from avocado, nuts, seeds, and coconut and olive oils, can also keep your blood sugar stable. High-protein vegan diet: Protein is one of the nutrients often lacking in a vegan diet.

What nutrient is missing from a vegan diet? ›

However, researchers found that avoiding all animal foods may lead to nutritional deficiencies in vitamin B12, omega-3, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, and high-quality protein.

What is the most common deficiency in vegans? ›

Deficiencies in minerals such as iodine, calcium, and zinc may also occur. Iodine deficiency is very common among vegans, often leading to acquired hypothyroidism [58]. Vegan sources of iodine include iodized salt and sea vegetables containing various amounts of the mineral [45].

How to get B12 as a vegan? ›

The only reliable vegan sources of B12 are foods fortified with B12 (including some plant milks, some soy products and some breakfast cereals) and B12 supplements, such as our very own VEG 1. Vitamin B12, whether in supplements, fortified foods, or animal products, comes from micro-organisms.

What vitamins do vegans miss out on? ›

A meatless diet can be healthy, but vegetarians -- especially vegans -- need to make sure they're getting enough vitamin B12, calcium, iron, and zinc. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics warns of the risk of vitamin B12 deficiencies in vegetarians and vegans. Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products.

What is the number one healthiest food in the world? ›

Watercress (also called watercress) contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and secondary plant compounds. Just 100 grams of the herb would be enough to cover most of the daily requirement of Vitamin C, meaning watercress contains far more Vitamin C than even oranges and lemons, making it the ultimate immune booster.

What is the most nutritionally complete food? ›

What are some of the most nutritious foods? Some of the most nutritious foods you can eat are oily fish, eggs, avocados, potatoes, and green leafy vegetables.

What single food can you survive on the longest? ›

It is argued that the single, most complete food a human needs to survive is human breast milk. Other foods may be nutritious but inevitably lack certain vitamins, minerals, etc.

What to eat instead of meat? ›

Whole soy foods, such as edamame, tofu, tempeh, soy milk and soy nuts, are great sources of lean protein. Unlike most vegetarian proteins, soy is a complete protein, providing all the essential amino acids for optimal use by your body.

What is a balanced vegan meal? ›

A healthy vegan diet should contain a variety of whole grains, proteins, healthy fats, and fruits and vegetables. Foods like nuts, seeds, legumes, soy products, and nutritional yeast can all help boost your protein intake throughout the day.

Which plant-based diet is most likely to meet nutritional needs? ›

Most vegetarians and vegans meet or exceed their protein requirements. Focus on adding protein-rich foods like legumes, nuts, seeds, and soy to meals and snacks throughout the day to meet your protein needs. Whole grains and vegetables like spinach and peas also contain protein and add variety to your diet.

Can you get all your nutrients as a vegan? ›

But while following a vegan diet can benefit your health, without special planning, it can also mean missing out on some crucial nutrients traditionally provided by animal foods. The need for dietary planning, however, is not limited to vegan diets—omnivorous diets also require attention to get the nutrients we need.

Is it hard to get all nutrients while being vegan? ›

Since vegetarians don't eat meat, they're at risk of missing out on protein and vitamin B12. Vegans, who don't eat any animal products, follow an even more restrictive diet. Without eggs and dairy in their diet, vegans need to keep an eye on their calcium and vitamin D intake as well as protein and vitamin B12.

How a vegan would get their complete protein? ›

Here are some tips for combining vegan foods to get complete protein: Pair different legumes (lentils, chickpeas, and beans) with grains (rice, couscous, quinoa, etc.); Combine nuts or seeds with legumes (lentil soups with sunflower seeds or hummus with sesame seeds);

How do vegans get complete protein? ›

We point out that protein-rich foods, such as traditional legumes, nuts and seeds, are sufficient to achieve full protein adequacy in adults consuming vegetarian/vegan diets, while the question of any amino acid deficiency has been substantially overstated.

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