When you check your makeup in the mirror, only to spot a giant you-have-no-idea-what bump staring back at you, it’s tempting to go IN on your face. When it comes to most face bumps and pimples under skin though, dermatologists agree that a hands-off approach is definitely best.
“Popping anything causes your skin to physically break apart, making it more susceptible to infection and an even bigger problem than what was originally there in the first place,” says Dendy Engelman, MD, board-certified dermatologist at Manhattan Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery in New York City. You're also pretty-much guaranteeing scarring and a drawn-out healing process if you don't resist the pop, says Noelani Gonzalez, MD, director of cosmetic dermatology at Mount Sinai West.
The best move is to stock up on derm-approved, over-the-counter skincare products—or let professionals handle it in their offices with skin-safe lasers and gadgets you don't have access to at home. The smartest treatment will depend on what exactly is causing your annoying skin issues—whether it's a hard pimple underneath the skin or tiny white bumps on your face.
Here you’ll find all of the details you need on 15 common bumps—and a friendly reminder that you definitely should not be picking them.
Before you take this deep dive into IDing something that might have popped up on your skin though, it’s important to know when to seek out a dermatologist’s professional opinion, too. While new spots or bumps aren’t necessarily problematic, and you can develop things like acne and eczema well into adulthood, Rebecca Marcus, MD, board-certified dermatologist and founder of Maei MD, says your threshold for booking an appointment should be relatively low.
“If you have a skin concern that is bothering you and hasn’t been easily resolved with an over-the-counter treatment, you should seek out the advice of a board-certified dermatologist," says Dr. Marcus. “Although many skin concerns are benign, they can still make a person feel self-conscious or uncomfortable.”
She also suggests going to the doctor if a mole or bump has changed in appearance, proactively scheduling a yearly skin cancer spot check screening, and visiting the office if you think you may have an infection that will need to be treated with an antibiotic. It’s always better to be safe than sorry, and the only way to get a truly definitive diagnosis is from a dermatologist.
1. Cystic Acne Pimples
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Cystic pimples occur very deep under the skin's surface, forming a red, tender nodule that’s not only painful but much harder to treat with OTC meds. “The inflammation that accompanies cystic acne can hinder the healing process and often lead to permanent scarring that’s impossible to eliminate,” says Dr. Engelman.
Picking at these bumps under the skin won’t help either. “The cysts occur so far beneath the skin that you won’t even come close to reaching the bump, and you’ll be left with a bloody spot,” says Joel Schlessinger, MD, a board-certified dermatologist.
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The cause: “Cystic acne is caused by hormonal fluctuations and acne bacteria,” says Dr. Schlessinger. “High hormone levels trigger an overproduction of oil, causing pores to swell. When this oil cannot reach the skin’s surface, it ruptures underneath and causes inflammation to spread to the surrounding tissue.” Other causes include bacteria in hair follicles and slowed cell turnover in acne patients that lead to keratin buildups in pores, says Dr. Gonzalez.
The treatment: Instead of going at it with your fingers, book an appointment with your dermatologist, who can properly treat the situation (usually in the form of a cortisone shot to instantly kill the swelling) and may even be able to save you from scarring altogether.
Ever notice how those tiny white bumps on your face (aka milia) refuse to pop no matter how hard you try? Well, rest assured. They are truly un-poppable—at least without a dermatologist or esthetician’s help.
The cause: Milia are not actually filled with dirt, oil, or grime. They are tiny, harmless cysts that occur when dead skin cells get trapped under your skin, says Dr. Schlessinger. “Picking at them often has little to no effect, and attempting to pop them will likely leave your skin red, irritated, and inflamed, with the milia still intact,” says Dr. Schlessinger. Ouch.
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The treatment: “If it’s bothering you, schedule an appointment with your dermatologist, who will likely extract with a heated, sterilized tool,” says Dr. Engelman. You can also use a retinoid cream to help smooth them out faster, although milia generally clear up on their own.
3. Ingrown Hairs
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Frustrating? Extremely. Worth picking—even if you just shaved your bikini line? Absolutely not.
The cause: “Ingrown hairs occur when the hair shaft becomes trapped beneath the skin’s surface,” says Dr. Schlessinger. “The red bumps that follow are often itchy and inflamed, but it’s never a good idea to use tweezers or manual force to pluck them." Squeezing them will only make the inflammation and irritation worse, he adds. (Hello, unsightly red marks that last for months.)
The treatment: Apply hydrocortisone, which reduces redness, itchiness, and irritation—and wash the affected area with an exfoliating cleanser to help the hair reach the skin’s surface. If the painful bumps persist, Dr. Gonzalez says you can go to a dermatologist who will nick the skin and remove the hair or inject it with steroids to reduce the inflammation. Pro tip so you don't have to deal with them at all: Exfoliate before you shave, and shave in the direction your hair grows instead of against it.
4. Skin Tags
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“Skin tags are extra growths of skin that typically occur on the neck and underarms,” says Joshua Zeichner, MD, director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital. But there are a few reasons why you shouldn’t pick at the small bumps. Namely, skin tags are made from flesh, and attempting to remove them will cause pain and bleeding, says Dr. Zeichner. It could also increase your risk of infection.
The cause: “They often occur in areas of friction, like by the neck, underarms, and groin, and they are thought to be caused by skin rubbing on skin or on clothing,” says Bruce Katz, MD, a dermatologist in New York City.
The treatment: This one's definitely a job for pros. "A professional can remove skin tags by freezing them off (a technique using liquid nitrogen known as cryotherapy), lightly burning them off with cautery, or surgically removing them by snipping them off," says Dr. Gonzalez. And if your skin tags are large enough to interfere with your daily life, your insurance company might even take the bill off your hands, says Dr. Zeichner.
5. Cold Sores
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Unless you’re looking to inspire a whole army of these bad boys, don’t even think about touching them—no matter how much that cold sore looks like a pimple. "Picking at cold sores could very easily lead to the formation of another sore," says Dr. Schlessinger. "Popping them releases a blister-like fluid that contains the same virus and can easily spread to other areas, including someone else's face."
The cause: The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are to blame for cold sores, and they're crazy-common, says Dr. Gonzalez. Seriously—50 to 80 percent of U.S. adults have oral herpes.
The treatment: Small sores can heal on their own with the help of OTC treatments (like this one). But if you notice cold sores popping up more frequently (or spreading to larger areas), Dr. Gonzalez says you should see a doctor for professional help for more aggressive medication and, if you have sores more than six times per year, preventative medication.
6. Dermatosa Papulosa Nigra (DPN)
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These brown or black bumps look like moles and occur on the face and neck primarily happen in skin of color. Dermatologist Mona Gohara, MD, says, "There's no concern except those bothered by them cosmetically."
The cause: It's genetic. "There is no known cause at this point, but we know it runs in families," says Dr. Gohara.
The treatment: Again, there's no harm in these marks, but if you don't like the look of them, you can get in-office removal treatments. According to Skin of Color Society, that includes "scissor excision, shave excision, cryosurgery, electrodessication, curettage, dermabrasion, and laser removal." Just know with deeper skin tones, there's a risk of these procedures triggering skin coloration problems so be sure to create a post-care plan with your derm.
7. Keratosis Pilaris
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“Squeezing or picking at these lesions causes worsening effects like redness and the potential for scarring as well," says Dr. Engelman.
The cause: Often referred to as “chicken skin,” this genetic condition is caused by a buildup of keratin—the protein that protects skin, hair, and nails from infection and other harmful environmental toxins. “The buildup forms a plug that blocks the opening of a hair follicle,” Dr. Engelman adds.
The treatment: Instead of picking, use a chemical exfoliant that has salicylic acid and glycolic acid, or products such as AmLactin to calm the inflammation and gradually smooth out the bumps over time, Dr. Gonzalez says. “If that doesn’t work, see a dermatologist or an esthetician who can properly treat you,” recommends Dr. Engelman. Treatment options include the topical medication tretinoin (a.k.a. Retin-A) to exfoliate the area, pulsed dye laser to treat redness, and chemical peels, Dr. Gonzalez adds.
8. Blackheads And Whiteheads
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These might be some of the most commonly popped bumps—but keeps your hands off if you can.
The cause: “Blackheads consist of the same thing as whiteheads—pores that become clogged with oil—except the oil has oxidized after being exposed to the air, giving it a black or brownish hue,” says Dr. Schlessinger. “Squeezing them can force the bacteria even deeper and causes trauma to the skin.”
The treatment: The best ingredients for dealing with blackheads are salicylic acid and retinol. These exfoliants promote cell turnover, preventing dead skin cells from plugging up your pores.
To work the oil and dirt out without picking at your blackheads or applying pressure, use an over-the-counter exfoliant like Differin Gel. “It will work to bring the blackhead to the skin’s surface, leaving you with a fresh face in just days,” says Dr. Engelman.
And look for makeup and skincare products that are oil-free and non-comedogenic, to ensure that what you're using on your face won't contribute to any future bumps.
9. Seborrheic Keratoses
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Dr. Zeichner says seborrheic keratoses are rough brown bumps that typically occur on areas that get a lot of sun exposure, like the face, chest, and back. They're totally benign, Dr. Gonzalez says, but they can get in the way since they can get caught in clothing and feel scaly.
The cause: “These are solid growths of extra skin that build up on the surface of your body," says Dr. Zeichner. Sun exposure doesn't help, but even if you lather up with sunscreen daily (which you should!), these bumps might still be in the cards for you since they're genetic.
The treatment: Instead of trying to pop them, Dr. Zeichner recommends visiting your dermatologist if they become irritated or inflamed—your derm may even be able to get treatment covered through your insurance.
“If you are bothered by the appearance, speak to your dermatologist about a treatment called Eskata, which is the only FDA approved treatment for them,” advises Dr. Zeichner. The treatments cost about $375 per session and typically require two sessions to work; each session treats four to five spots. Otherwise, you can opt for cryotherapy to freeze them off or have them gently burned off, adds Dr. Gonzalez.
10. Lipomas
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A lipoma is a fatty deposit underneath the skin that might feel like a cystic pimple. They're non-cancerous and generally harmless, although they can become painful if they grow too big.
The cause: Lipomas are often genetically linked, so you can thank your parents if you notice one start to pop up, says Dr. Gonzalez.
The treatment: Even though Dr. Pimple Popper "pops" lipomas for her clients on the reg, you should not give it a try at home. Breaking open your skin will make it red, angry, and potentially let bacteria into the area. Your best option is to have a dermatologist remove it by burning it off or taking a laser to it to reduce scarring.
11. Cherry Angiomas
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These bright red benign bumps are made up of tiny blood vessels. They tend to pop up on the face, chest, belly, and back.
The cause: Their cause is unknown, but there is a genetic component that might make you more prone to getting them.
The treatment: Considering these are filled with blood, popping them is definitely not the move. However, removal is pretty straight forward, Dr. Gonzalez promises. A trip to the dermatologists office for a laser or a cautery treatment will leave you bump and scar-free.
12. Sebaceous Cysts
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Another Dr. Pimple Popper fave, these skin-colored bumps are full of a yellow cheese-like material that Dr. Gonzalez says you probably won't want to see or get a whiff of. And though they're typically benign and asymptomatic, these can sometimes become painful if they're inflamed, infected, or get ruptured, she adds.
The cause: These random build-ups of keratin, which looks like a pimple under the skin, pop up on areas of the body with a high volume of oil glands.
The treatment: "Treatment-wise, you have a few options," Dr. Gonzalez says. You can have your derm inject them with steroids to help the inflammation go down and reduce the bump's appearance, or your doctor can perform surgery to remove the keratin-filled capsule inside, which is a pretty good option since the cyst is likely to become inflamed again unless it's totally removed.
13. Sebaceous Hyperplasia
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These small yellowish bumps that pepper the forehead or center of the face are super-common. They tend to appear with age and are often mistaken for pimples or skin diseases.
The cause: While totally harmless, the bumps are caused by an overgrowth of oil glands on the face. Unfortunately, there are no signs or symptoms to look out for, you'll just see 'em when you see 'em (sorry!).
The treatment: If you're bothered by their appearance and long for the days when your skin was smooth and clear, Dr. Gonzalez says dermatologists can lightly burn these doughnut-looking bumps off with electrocautery, laser them off, or freeze them off with cryotherapy.
14. Rosacea
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While you might associate rosacea with a redness or a temporary flushing of the skin, Dr. Marcus says rosacea can also be spotty and blotchy, resembling acne with its characteristic small, puss-filled or crusted bumps. This skin condition can even appear on the eyes, causing them to become red and inflamed. Keep your hands off these bumps though; you’ll do far more harm than good with any tinkering, and you’ll likely want to consult a derm to figure out the best plan of attack for managing flare ups.
The cause: “Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory condition involving the facial skin,” says Dr. Marcus. “Although the exact cause of rosacea is poorly defined, it is thought to come from an exaggerated innate immune response combined with neurovascular dysregulation.” According to Dr. Marcus, several common triggers may cause a person’s rosacea to flare, from exposure to heat or stress and engaging in exercise to substances like caffeine and alcohol or even foods like chocolate and spicy cuisines.
The treatment: Unfortunately, there’s no miracle solution when it comes to curing rosacea. That said, a dermatologist can treat symptoms and contain especially bad flare ups with topical and oral antibiotics, topical vasoconstrictors, or medications. Lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments are other options that may alleviate or reduce the appearance of rosacea’s redness. You’ll also want to make smart choices when it comes to your skincare regimen and general lifestyle. “Gentle skin care is especially important, as is avoidance of triggers when possible, and strict photon-protection, preferably with a mineral based sunscreen,” says Dr. Marcus.
15. Eczema
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Have a few bumpy or flaky dry patches on your face or body? Resist the urge to pick or scratch these areas. The spots could be eczema, and itching can actually trigger a response that leads to more eczema.
The cause: “Eczema is a broad term that encompasses several different types of inflammatory skin disorders including atopic dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, asteatotic eczema, and others,” says Dr. Marcus. “The most common form of eczema is atopic dermatitis: a chronic, itchy, inflammatory skin disease in which the skin barrier is compromised, which may allow infectious agents or environmental irritants to enter, causing dry, itchy, red skin.”
The treatment: No matter the type of eczema you may have, you’ll want to choose gentle, sensitive skin products for prevention; it’s all about keeping your skin barrier healthy and intact with products that contain ceramides and other nourishing ingredients. “People with eczema should moisturize their skin with fragrance-free moisturizer within two to three minutes of exiting the shower or bath,” says Dr. Marcus. “It is also helpful to avoid hot showers—opting for lukewarm instead—avoid fragranced products (fragrance is a common irritant), and avoid scratchy wool clothing, as friction can irritate compromised skin.”
Eczema isn’t really something you should be diagnosing for yourself. You’ll want to consult a dermatologist for a definitive identification as well as the best treatment plan for your skin, which Dr. Marcus says may include topical steroids or other topical or systemic anti-inflammatory medications that you can’t get over the counter. Certain products from the drugstore can help with prevention and to alleviate itchiness.
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Doctors define a papule as any raised lesion or new growth on the skin that is less than 1 centimeter in diameter. For example, a small pimple or wart would be a papule. A pustule is a type of papule that contains fluid or pus and typically has discolored or inflamed skin around it.
Blind pimples are too far below the skin to pop. Trying will only irritate them further, and may cause infection or scarring. Instead of popping, try to bring the pimple to a head so it can exit the skin via other treatment methods. Use a product containing benzoyl peroxide.
Keratosis pilaris develops when keratin forms a scaly plug that blocks the opening of the hair follicle. Usually plugs form in many hair follicles, causing patches of rough, bumpy skin. Keratosis pilaris is caused by the buildup of keratin — a hard protein that protects skin from harmful substances and infection.
Most skin bumps do not need treatment. However, you should speak with a doctor if your bumps are causing discomfort. You should also call a doctor if you're concerned about any changes in your bumps or in the overall condition of your skin.
They often look like red, pink, or flesh-colored, raised, puffy, splotches. Sometimes, they may look like bug bites, or raised red bumps. Can stress cause bad rashes? While most stress rashes will usually resolve on their own, some can be quite itchy and uncomfortable.
Hives, also called urticaria (yer ti CARE ee uh), are red, itchy, raised bumps or welts on the skin. They may be small, like mosquito bites, or many inches wide. Hives can appear alone, in a group or can connect with each other to cover bigger areas.
Pustules are a type of pimple that contains yellowish pus. They are larger than whiteheads and blackheads. Pustules appear either as red bumps with white centers or as white bumps that are hard and often tender to the touch. In many cases, the skin around the pustules is red or inflamed.
Blind pimples usually go away in about a week or two with the proper treatments. But they can linger under your skin for a few months, causing pain and irritation. In severe cases, the oil and dead skin cells can block the pores deep under your skin, which traps bacteria and causes an infection.
Soak a clean washcloth in water that is hot, but not too hot to touch. Apply the warm compress. Hold the warm compress on the blind pimple for 10 to 15 minutes. Repeat the application three to four times a day until the blind pimple comes to a head and releases the pus.
Infections, clogged glands, and hormonal changes can all cause noncancerous lumps under the skin. People should not try to remove or pop a lump. Doing this may lead to an infection or cause the lump to get bigger. People should speak with a doctor if they have any concerns about a new or altered lump under their skin.
“Acne-like bumps on the buttocks are caused by inflammation of hair follicles, which is called folliculitis,” says MacKelfresh. Folliculitis can be caused by an infection from bacteria, yeast, or fungus, irritation of hair follicles, or blockage of hair follicles, she says.
What are milia? Milia are small, white bumps that appear on the skin. They're caused by keratin that's trapped underneath the surface of the skin. Unlike whiteheads, which contain pus, milia aren't a sign of clogged pores.
Milk. Milk is one of the easiest home remedies that you can use to get rid of dark spots. All you have to do is take some raw milk in a bowl and use a cotton pad to dab it gently on your face, particularly the areas containing blemishes and dark spots. Instead of using plain milk, you can also add a teaspoon of honey.
Deep blackheads should be removed by a medical professional — usually a dermatologist or medical aesthetician. They use a small tool with rigid metal loops on the ends (blackhead or comedo extractor) to apply even pressure to your blackheads.
What is a Stress Rash? A stress rash is simply a rash or issue with the skin caused by stress and anxiety. A typical stress rash reaction is breaking out in hives, known as urticaria. These are raised, itchy bumps that appear on the infected area and can appear anywhere on the body.
Itchy bumps filled with clear fluid are usually blisters. Blisters have many possible causes and will often heal without treatment. A blister is a raised part of the skin that fills with clear fluid. Blisters usually develop to protect injured skin and help it heal.
ANSWER: What you may be experiencing is chronic hives. Hives (urticaria) are raised, red or white itchy welts on your skin. A sudden onset of hives (acute hives) usually has an identifiable cause or trigger — such as insect stings or bites, medications, certain foods, allergens, or infections.
Stress hives often look oval, round, or ring-like but also can take on irregular shapes. A classic symptom of hives is itchiness. You may feel a tingling or burning sensation as if you've been bitten by mosquitos. In addition, some welts may disappear only to be replaced by new ones within a few hours.
Just remember to apply both by using a cotton swab or clean washcloth to avoid spreading germs from your hands to your face. What happens if you don't pop a whitehead is that it goes away on its own, usually in 3 to 7 days. While you're waiting, you can also use makeup to lessen its appearance.
Hard pimples are caused when dead skin cells, oil, and bacteria get under the skin's surface. Certain types of hard pimples should be treated by a doctor to prevent them from getting worse and leaving scars.
Blackheads, or open comedos, are clogged pores that are filled with dead skin cells and oil, not dirt or grime as myth may suggest. The blackish portion of a blackhead — aka the sesame seed — is due to the oxidation of the dead skin cells and oil when exposed to air.
Apply a clean, warm washcloth to the pimple for up to 5 minutes. Doing this can help soften the skin and allow the contents to come out more easily. Sterilize a small needle with rubbing alcohol. Poke the center of the whitehead gently with the needle.
But squeezing is *definitely* a no-no for blind pimples — there's no head. You'd be poking and prodding a whole section of skin. This can lead to swelling and redness or discoloration.
Hold this [cooled] needle in your hand, and brace that hand against your face, or a non-moving surface to stabilize your hand so it doesn't shake about, and gently pierce the top of the pustule with the needle. Then, pull up to lift open a hole within the pimple," instructs Lee.
Does putting toothpaste on a pimple make it go away? You may have heard this suggestion, but experts on acne say don't try it. Toothpaste could make that spot on your skin even more red, irritated, and noticeable.
'You should absolutely not squeeze blackheads. Squeezing a spot can push the inflammation deeper and this can cause scarring of the skin,' she says. Squeezing a spot can push the inflammation deeper and this can cause scarring of the skin.
Pimples hurt because the body is trying to get rid of the stuff that doesn't belong there. The redness, swelling, and inflammation cause the pain. The body knows that the dead skin, oil, and bacteria are supposed to be in the hair follicle (which is outside the skin).
Every person has hundreds of lymph nodes throughout the body. They are movable lumps approximately the size of a pea most typically founds in the armpits, collarbone, groin, and neck. Your lymph nodes swell in response to something as minor as a cold or due to mild infections.
We get keratosis pilaris when dead skin cells clog our pores. A pore is also called a hair follicle. Every hair on our body grows out of a hair follicle, so we have thousands of hair follicles. When dead skin cells clog many hair follicles, you feel the rough, dry patches of keratosis pilaris.
What other skin conditions look similar to scabies? Scabies is a skin condition that occurs as the result of a mite known as Sarcoptes scabiei. The rash that results from scabies may appear similar to other skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, or contact dermatitis.
In the evening, the body releases more heat, and blood flow to the skin increases, which may contribute to nighttime itching. In addition, skin loses water at night, resulting in dryness that can make you itchy.
Stage I melanoma is no more than 1.0 millimeter thick (about the size of a sharpened pencil point), with or without an ulceration (broken skin). There is no evidence that Stage I melanoma has spread to the lymph tissues, lymph nodes, or body organs.
What are milia? Milia are small, white bumps that appear on the skin. They're caused by keratin that's trapped underneath the surface of the skin. Unlike whiteheads, which contain pus, milia aren't a sign of clogged pores.
Seb-Ks usually start to appear as slightly raised, skin colored or light brown spots. With time, they start to thicken and develop a rough, waxy, scaly, warty texture. They appear to stick on to the skin like barnacles do on the bottom of boats (hence the layman's term Skin Barnacles).
The most common cause of lumps in the neck or armpit are swollen glands (or lymph nodes) known as lymphadenopathy. Swollen glands are often caused by mild infections like colds, sore throats and tonsillitis. Less commonly, glands may swell due to a condition, including rheumatoid arthritis or cancer.
A cyst is a pocket-like area, within tissue, that is not normally there. It can be filled with fluid, blood, tissue, hair, bone, a foreign body, etc. If it is filled with pus, it becomes an abscess. Cysts can occur anywhere on or in your body.
If you find a yellow or white lump on your skin, you might have a sebaceous cyst. Sebaceous cysts are usually harmless and they don't hurt, but keep an eye out for signs of infection.
Over-the-counter options include Eucerin or Am-Lactin. Physical exfoliants are other options, which include soft facial brushes and washcloths. If keratin bumps don't respond to gentle exfoliation, your dermatologist may recommend stronger prescription creams to help dissolve the underlying plugs.
Lichen nitidus (LIE-kun ni-TIE-dus) is a rare skin condition that usually appears as tiny, skin-colored, glistening bumps on the surface of your skin. Lichen nitidus results from abnormal inflammatory activity in skin cells, but the cause of inflammation is unknown.
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